In this article, we want to discuss the topic of knowing Iranian fabrics. Because fabric has a long history in Iran. The textile and weaving industry is one of the industries that have long been of interest to mankind in order to provide the clothing they need. But this industry in Iran has progressed in an artistic way, and from about 5000 years ago until today, this art is still in the attention of Iranians.
Iranian men and women artists create beautiful motifs and designs on all kinds of fabrics with the help of their creativity and initiative. Of course, due to the extensive use of fabrics, different types of them are produced. If you are also interested in authentic Iranian fabrics and intend to buy Iranian fabrics and learn about different types of fabrics, stay with us in the rest of this article by Ruchi.
Unlike in the past, our country Iran can produce almost all the fabrics available in the textile industry. Some of these fabrics are native to Iran. Some of them have been in Iran for hundreds of years, and some have been in the Iranian market for several years. After the domestic manufacturers noticed the people’s favor towards foreign fabrics, in order not to fall behind the competition with foreign manufacturers, by equipping their factories with the most advanced machines, they were able to produce any fabric very soon while maintaining the quality of foreign samples . .
Names of Iranian fabrics that you should know
Silk fabrics
When the name of authentic Iranian fabrics is mentioned, the first thing that comes to mind is silk. Silk fabric is a type of natural thread obtained from silkworm cocoons and is one of the softest and best fabrics that has been popular in Iran since ancient times. Silk fabric is divided into the following three models:
Diba: There are silk dresses that do not have a special design
Pernyan: There are silk clothes that have several colors and in the best type, there are seven colors.
Darbari Parand: These are colored silk dresses that have borders and are usually used for aristocratic families.
cashmere fabric
One of the most precious Iranian fabrics is cashmere. The name of terme, which is one of the original Iranian fabrics, refers to Shah Abbasi’s jacket and flowers, which is related to the Safavid period and was used in Iranian carpets at that time.
To prepare this fabric, they use wool and silk yarn and dye it with natural or chemical methods. The best cashmere is from the cities of Kashan, Yazd, Kerman and Tehran.
Woven zari fabric
Zari Baf is the name of one of the original Iranian fabrics, which is made of several precious threads, and as the name suggests, its wefts are made of gold or gold.
This cloth is used in most of the holy places and it dates back to the Achaemenid period, which reached its peak in the Safavid period and is still used until now.
Canvas fabric
This fabric is not used much because of its coarse texture and heavy weight, but it is produced from cotton, linen or hemp fibers. The thickness of this fabric is high and this makes it durable.
Towels
velvet cloth
Velvet fabric, which in the past was considered one of the precious and noble fabrics due to the difficulty of production, is now produced faster and its price has decreased due to the advances in technology.
Velvet is a type of fluffy fabric made of cotton, linen, wool or silk, and currently it is mostly used in home decoration such as curtains, furniture, etc.
Jajim fabric
Jajim is the name of one of the original Iranian fabrics and woven from Alvan spun wool. If this fabric is produced in a traditional way, the necessary precision and elegance are observed in it, and due to its good texture and thickness, it will remain unchanged for years.
The most famous type of this cloth belongs to the city of Khalkhal in East Azerbaijan province.
Every city in Iran is famous for the texture of what fabric?
Khuzestan
Shushtris (Dar al-Mulk of old Khuzestan) were famous for their silk and cotton pieces. Shushtar’s bazaar was very famous and Shushtri’s Diba had many fans. But near Khuzestan, Baghdad, there was a neighborhood called Attabiyeh, which was famous for weaving silk cloth; Fabrics such as wool, wavy, striped, which had various colors. These fabrics were also known as Jame Attabi because they are produced in Attabieh neighborhood.
Therefore, Khuzestan was considered one of the important centers of weaving industry, and apart from Shushtar, Shush, Izeh, Qargoub, Bassoni and Tayyab were other weaving centers of the past era.
Tabaristan and silk fabrics
The Tabaristan region, which included today’s Mazandaran and parts of Gorgan and Gilan, was famous for its woolen, cotton and silk clothes, for example, in Rodan Tabarstan, which was a mountain town, red woolen clothes were woven and brought to Gorgan. In addition to these, taylsans (thick upper garments) and coarse woven fabrics were also taken from Tabaristan to different parts of the world, including Mecca.
Except for the mentioned cases, there were silk scarves in Gorgan, which were also taken to Yemen, as well as black silk clothes and Waqaye (a kind of silk and cotton clothes), Diba and Kezhin (cheap silk fabric) of Gorgan were also famous in the world. . If you look carefully, these fabrics are still found in the traditional clothes of these regions. In addition to these, Armenian trousers were woven with Tabaristan silk!
Fars province and parts of Shahaneh
The clothes of kings were different from the clothes of ordinary people. The part of the king’s clothes was chosen from expensive and high quality fabrics and was usually woven. Fars was one of the centers where the woven fabrics for the kings’ clothes were woven there. In addition to the high quality fabric, the name of the king or sultan was also embroidered on it to make it more special.
The best Fars fabrics were in Toj or Toz (a city near Kazeroon). In Fasa, they wove all kinds of zari for the king and engraved his name on the cloth with green and blue colors, like a peacock feather. But Shiraz was famous for the delicate pieces used to weave Qoba; A type of fabric that is called garsi today. In addition to garsi, zari and fur (cloth made of raw silk) were other textiles of Shiraz.
Khwarezm
Khorezm was considered a very important region in the past and according to today’s map, it almost includes parts of the northeastern provinces of Iran. This region had cotton, wool and silk weaves and was famous for women’s dresses, cotton and silk veils, as well as colorful fabrics.
These high-quality fabrics were also transported all over the world.
Other cities
In addition to the cities we mentioned, Tus was famous for its high-quality trousers, socks and robes, and for its cotton textiles. Of course, the long fringed taylsans and dastaras of Bam were so exquisite that they were exported to the farthest lands of Khorasan, Iraq and Egypt.
Qazvin and Isfahan were famous for their well-stitched robes, and silk fabrics and sarees were so famous that they were exported everywhere.
It is mentioned in Hudud al-Alam book that in the area of Azarabadgan (modern day Azerbaijan), Arminiyeh and Aran, woolen clothes, roudina, cotton and shalwarband were produced.
In Amel, linen clothes and khish (coarsely woven) handkerchiefs and zarbaft and kimkhte handkerchiefs (traditional slippers) were popular, and in Ray, burd cloths and pashmin rugs had become famous in the Islamic world.
Introduction of different types of fabrics and familiarization with the characteristics of each
Deciding on the purchase and choosing the type of fabric is very important because fabrics have different qualities ranging from natural and synthetic fibers to knitted fabrics.
Different types of fabric
Tarpaulin fabric
Tarpaulin is a type of fabric that is usually made of heavy cotton thread and partly of linen thread. Tarpaulin fabric is known for being durable, strong and heavy. Due to the combination of cotton and synthetic fibers, the tarp can be water resistant or even waterproof, making it an excellent fabric for outdoor use.
Cashmere fabric
Cashmere is a type of fabric obtained from cashmere goats or other types of goats. This texture is known as a wool texture, but it is actually made of hair. Cashmere has a fine, strong, light and delicate texture, and the clothes made from it have a unique quality. The very fine fibers of this fabric are warmer and lighter than wool.
Jajim fabric
Jajim is obtained from colored and delicate wool or cotton threads or a combination of the two. Jajim is made of a set of yarn and fabric that has a very unique outer space. This fabric can be made in various fibers including cotton, silk and rayon.
Chiffon fabric
Chiffon is a kind of light silk fabric that has a simple texture and has a little shine. The synthetic fibers and twists in its texture are a bit rough. The crepe thread in this fabric is much stronger than standard threads. This fabric is very light and delicate, and this type of silk fabric is usually used for sewing evening dresses.
linen
Flax is composed of different fibers and primarily natural plant fibers (cellulose), which is an insoluble organic compound for plant structure and is a soft and fluffy material. The term linen refers to a part of the cotton plant that is formed during boiling and is considered a soft and durable fabric for everyday clothes such as shirts and sheets. Cotton and solid prints are available for both designs.
crepe
Crepe is a silk or wool fabric that has a prominent and pleated appearance and is light to medium in weight. This fabric can be used to make clothes, suits, blouses, etc. Crepe is also popular and common in home decoration for things like curtains, bedspreads and pillows.
Damas
Damask is a fabric with a jacquard design because the pattern is woven into the fabric instead of being printed on it, which is a combination of two different methods. The design is woven using a satin while the background is made using a plain fabric or satin weave. Damask patterns can be multi-colored or single-colored, and even made from different types of textiles, including silk, linen, cotton, wool, or artificial fibers such as artificial silk.
Georgette
Georgette is a type of crepe fabric that is usually made of pure silk, but nowadays it is also made of synthetic fibers such as rayon, viscose and polyester. This fabric is made of very complex threads. Georgette has less shine and elasticity than chiffon and is a little heavier.
Gingham
A type of cotton and cotton blend fabric woven with dyed yarn and made using a plain weave to create a checked pattern. Gingham is usually a bicolor pattern and its popular combinations are red and white or blue and white. The chosen pattern is offered in different colors that look the same on both sides. Gingham is a cheap fabric and is popular among fabrics. This fabric is often used for button-down shirts, dresses and tablecloths.
soon
Jersey is a kind of stretchy and soft fabric that is originally made of wool. Today, this fabric is made of cotton, cotton blends and synthetic fibers. The right side of this fabric is plain with a little single rib knot while the back is filled with rings. This fabric has a light to medium weight and is used for all kinds of household and personal items such as vests and sheets.
Net
Net is a delicate fabric that is made from yarn and is made using open weave designs and patterns. Lace fabric was originally made of silk and linen, but today cotton and synthetic fibers are used for it. Lace is a decorative fabric and it is used for local clothes, decoration of other clothes and home decoration items, and it is traditionally considered a luxury fabric because its production requires a lot of time and expertise.
leather
Leather is any type of fabric that is made from the skin of animals, and different leathers are obtained from different types of animals and different techniques. Currently, cowhide is the most popular type of leather and it includes approximately 65% of all leather produced. Leather can be made from almost any animal, ranging from crocodiles to pigs. Leather is a durable and wrinkle-resistant fabric that will have a different color and appearance based on the skin of the animal from which it is made.
Lenin
Linen is a very light linen fabric made from the flax plant. Sheets are a common type of this material that is used for towels, tablecloths, napkins and bed covers. This fabric is also used for the inner layer of the coat, which is called lining. Linen is an extremely absorbent and breathable fabric, which is one of the ideal options for summer clothes.
Merino wool
Merino is a type of wool that is collected from the trunk of Merino sheep. This wool is very soft and, unlike traditional wool, does not cause itching and skin allergies . This wool has a small diameter, which makes it flexible. Merino wool is a luxurious fiber and is frequently used for socks and outerwear. Merino wool is known and popular for its resistance to odor, moisture and breathability.
modal
Modal is a semi-synthetic fabric that is made from beech tree pulp and is primarily used for underwear and sleepwear, sheets and towels. Modal is often combined with other fibers such as cotton and spandex for added strength, and it is considered a luxury fabric because it feels soft and expensive because it is more expensive than cotton or viscose.
Muslin
Muslin is a type of cotton fabric that has a simple texture, which means it has an alternating weft thread underneath and an alternating weft thread on the top. Muslin is used as a fabric used in prototypes to test patterns before cutting and sewing the final work. This fabric is very light, so it can be sewn as easily as other fabrics.
Organza
It is a light, transparent and simple fabric that is originally made of silk. This fabric can also be made of synthetic fibers, primarily polyester and nylon. Synthetic fabrics are more durable, but organza is very delicate and prone to tearing, characterized by small holes throughout the fabric. The quality of this fabric is determined by the number of holes, so that fabrics with more holes have better quality. Organza net is very popular for sewing evening and bridal dresses because of its unique shine.
polyester
Polyester is actually a type of synthetic fiber and is made of oil, water and coal, which is basically a type of plastic. Polyester fabric is durable, but it is not breathable and does not absorb liquids such as sweat well. Polyester is a popular fabric because it has high resistance to chemicals, stretch, wrinkles and erosion, and this has made this fabric very popular in the fashion and clothing industry.
satin
Satin is one of the three main products in the market, which is often used along with plain weave and fabric. satin; It is a shiny and beautiful fabric, one side of which is soft and the other side is rough.
silk
Silk is a natural fiber produced by silkworms as a material for their nests and cocoons. Silk is famous for its luster and softness. This fabric is extremely durable and strong, which has a beautiful luster. Silk is used for formal wear, accessories, bed sheets, upholstery and other items.
Spandex
Spandex, also known as Lycra or Elastane, is a type of synthetic fiber characterized by its elasticity. This fabric is combined with several types of fibers to give it stretch and is used for everything from jeans to sportswear and socks.
suede
Suede is a type of leather that is made from the underside of animal skin and gives it a soft surface. Suede is usually obtained from lamb skin. Thick suede is not a traditional type of leather, but it is durable and flexible due to its thinness, and it can be easily molded and used in various industries. Suede is widely used in making shoes, coats and accessories such as belts and bags.
