{"id":12270,"date":"2023-05-27T06:25:48","date_gmt":"2023-05-27T06:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dorontash.com\/en\/?p=12270"},"modified":"2023-05-27T06:25:48","modified_gmt":"2023-05-27T06:25:48","slug":"safavi-empire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dorontash.com\/en\/safavi-empire\/","title":{"rendered":"Safavi Empire"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Ahmad Fartash –<\/span>\u00a0In 1501 AD (907 AH),\u00a0<\/span>Ismail Safavi<\/span><\/strong> in \u200b\u200bTabriz, at the age of fourteen, crowned himself as the first king of the Safavid dynasty and declared Twelve Imam Shiism as the official religion of Iran, and with this decision, the history of Iran in set a new path Safavi Empire<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Shah Ismail Safavi was actually the founder of the first “Iranian government” after the Arab Muslim attack on Iran.\u00a0Before that, Iran was part of the “Islamic State” for more than 600 years;\u00a0A government that was formed in the form of the “Caliphate” system and dominated Iran from the time of the Muslim attack on Iran during the Caliphate of Omar Ibn Khattab until the collapse of the Abbasid Empire in 656 AH.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0 From the time of the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate until the establishment of the Safavid government, Iran was mainly considered a part of the “Mongol government”, which was actually a vast empire.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 From the time of the collapse of the Sassanids until the rise of the Safavids, Iranian governments had also been formed in the area that was once part of the Sassanid territory, but none of them had been able to unify Iran and remove it from the rule of the “Islamic Caliphate”.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 The coronation of Shah Ismail in Tabriz was the product of two centuries of ideological preparation of the Safavid dynasty to gain power in Iran.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0The forefather of the Safavids, Sheikh Safi al-Din, reached a high religious position in approximately 700 AH, and this was the beginning of two centuries of ideological preparation of the Safavid family to gain political power and unify Iran as a nation-state.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0The first member of the Safavid family, whose name and actions were recorded in history, was a rich landowner in the Ardabil area named Firozshah Zarin Kalah, who lived in the 5th century (A.H.).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0There are several opinions among historians about the origin of the Safavid dynasty.\u00a0Some have said that Firozshah migrated from Yemen to Azerbaijan and therefore the Safavids had Arab origins.\u00a0Some have said that the Safavids were Turks.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0But Ahmed Kasravi had come to the conclusion that the Safavids were the native inhabitants of Iran and of Aryan descent, but they spoke Azeri, which is a type of Turkish language and the native language of Azerbaijan.\u00a0Kasravi only did not know that the Safavids lived in Azerbaijan for a long time or migrated from Kurdistan to Azerbaijan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ahmad Kasravi<\/span><\/p>\n

\"How<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Roger Siori, the famous historian and author of the book “Iran in the Safavid Era” also confirms Kasravi’s opinion in one of his articles.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0After Kasravi, it was suggested that Safavid ancestors were probably with him during the conquest of Ardabil, Mughan and Darbom by the Kurdish Amir Rawadi in 415 A.H. and after that they settled in Ardabil.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Anyway, Firozshah had settled near Gilan and Ardebel Rahal so that his numerous cattle could benefit from the quality pastures of that area.\u00a0He was a rich, chivalrous, good-natured, decent and very religious person, and as they said, he was also a Sayyid.\u00a0Inevitably, he found many disciples among the people.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Sheikh Safiuddin was the great-great-great-great-grandson of Firozshah.\u00a0Shah Ismail was the great-great-great-great-grandson of Sheikh Safiuddin.\u00a0Firouzshah’s wealth was the basis of the Safavid dynasty’s financial resources.\u00a0The religious-mystical position and the “will to power” of Sheikh Safi al-Din also became the basis for the political supremacy of the Safavid dynasty.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Sheikh Safiuddin was born in 650 AH.\u00a0At the age of 20, he was looking for a mentor among the zahads of Ardabil, but he did not find what he was looking for, and on the advice of a sheikh, he went to Shiraz to become a disciple of Najib al-Din, but Najib al-Din died before he reached Shiraz.\u00a0Sheikh Safi stayed in Shiraz for a while and the dervishes of this city told him that only Sheikh Zahid Gilani can interpret your dreams.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tomb of Sheikh Safiuddin in Ardabil<\/span><\/p>\n

\"How<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0He also went to Gilan and finally, at the age of 25, he found Sheikh Zahid in a village on the coast of the Caspian Sea.\u00a0Safi al-Din was a disciple of Sheikh Zahid until he was 50 years old, and he was also married to the daughter of the Sheikh on the coast of the Caspian Sea.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Sheikh Zahid died in 700 A.H. and chose Safi al-Din as his successor, that is, the leader of the Zahidiya sect;\u00a0A mystical tariqat, which had Shia themes and was called the Safavid tariqat after that.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Sheikh Safi al-Din died in 735 A.H. and unlike Sheikh Zahid, he made his son his successor.\u00a0Historians see this decision as a sign of the Sheikh’s foresight and desire to seize political power from his family;\u00a0Especially, during his time, the social power of the Safavid family increased significantly.\u00a0The reason for this development was the growing number of disciples of Sheikh Safiuddin and the access of the Safavid family to many properties and endowments in the last 35 years of the Sheikh’s life. Safavi Empire<\/span><\/p>\n

iran handicrafts<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0The son of Sheikh Safi al-Din, Sheikh Sadr al-Din, was the head of the Safavid family and Tariqat for 58 years.\u00a0From 735 to 793 AH.\u00a0He built the shrine of the Safavid dynasty on his father’s grave in ten years and followed his father’s efforts to spread the religious propaganda of the Safavid dynasty and attracted many nobles and Mughal nobles to the shrine and Tariqat of Sheikh Safi al-Din.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 At the beginning of Sheikh Sadr al-Din’s leadership of the Safavid Tariqat, the Ilkhanid Empire collapsed in Iran and in the absence of a strong central government, the Mongol power bands began to compete with each other, and the union of Turkmen tribes, named Qaraqoyunlu (Black Sheep), was able to control the Tabriz region from the Mongols. Take out the flour.\u00a0This event was in 792 A.H.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 A year later, Sheikh Sadr al-Din died and his son Khwaja Ali became the leader of the Tariqat and the Safavid dynasty.\u00a0Khwaja Ali lived until 830 A.H. and during his leadership, the semi-secret teachings of the Safavid Tariqat became openly Shiite in nature.\u00a0After the pilgrimage, he died in Jerusalem and was buried there, and his son Ibrahim took his place.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Ibrahim, in turn, increased the number of Safavid disciples, especially in the Anatolian region, and died in 851.\u00a0After him, his son Junaid became the leader of the Safavid dynasty, and by declaring jihad against the infidels, he showed clear signs of his desire to gain worldly power.\u00a0He introduced this spirit of bravery and war into the Safavid Tariq.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0This work of his upset the ruler of western Iran, Jahanshah Qaraqoyunlu.\u00a0He ordered Junaid to leave Ardabil and get out of his jurisdiction.\u00a0The area of \u200b\u200brule of the Qaraqoyunlous was from Azerbaijan and the borders of Georgia to the Persian Gulf.<\/span><\/p>\n

The territory of the Qaraqyunlu empire at the height of its power<\/span><\/p>\n

\"How<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Junaid spent a few years here and there along with some of his disciples and finally took refuge with Uzun Hassan, the ruler of Aqqoyunlu, and formed an alliance with him.\u00a0The Aqqoyunlu empire stretched from the upper branches of the Euphrates to the Great Salt Desert and from Kerman to the Transcaucasia (South Caucasus) and the Middle River and the Persian Gulf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0The Aqqoyunlous were Sunnis and the Qaraqoyunlous were Shiites.\u00a0Therefore, Junaid’s alliance with the Aqqoyunlouhs was a purely political act aimed at defeating the Safavids over a Shiite rival, who also controlled a significant part of Iran.\u00a0Junaid also married Uzon Hassan’s sister to strengthen their union.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, luck was not on Junaid’s side because he was killed in 860 AH in a war with the ruler of Shirvan.\u00a0After him, his son Haydar became the leader of the Safavids.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Uzon Hasan was the most powerful ruler of the Aqqoyunlu dynasty, who finally managed to defeat Jahanshah Qaraqyunlu in a war ten years before his death (872 AH) and by killing him, he destroyed the Qaraqyunlu dynasty.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Haider continued the alliance with the Aqqoyunlous and increased the military power of the Safavids, but like his father, he was killed in a not so important war.\u00a0to the year 894 AH.\u00a0Thirteen years before the beginning of Shah Ismail’s reign.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Uzon Hasan died in 882 AH and his son was not interested in continuing the alliance with Haydar.\u00a0For this reason, in 894 AH, in the war between the Shirvan ruler and Haider, the Aqqoyunlous helped the Shirvan ruler and killed Haider.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0The Safavids lost their leader in the war for the second time, but they were not defeated because they were a young and dynamic movement.\u00a0Ali, the eldest son of Sheikh Haider, succeeded him and called himself the king (Sultan).<\/span><\/p>\n

The territory of the Aqqoyunlu empire at the height of its power<\/span><\/p>\n

\"How<\/p>\n

\u00a0 In 896 A.H., the son of Uzon Hasan (Yaqub) died and the process of disintegration of the Aqqoyunlu empire began through civil war.\u00a0Sultan Ali, the leader of the Safavids, helped one of the Aqqoyunlous (Rostam) to overcome his rivals.\u00a0After defeating his rivals, Rostam was afraid of the power of the Safavid supporters and decided to kill Ali.\u00a0to the year 899 AH. Safavi Empire<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Ali fled to Ardabil and Rostam followed him.\u00a0On the way to Ardabil, Sultan Ali felt that his death was near and appointed his brother Ismail as his successor and head of the Safavid Tariqat.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Ali and Ismail were fleeing with seven Safavid devotees.\u00a0This small group played a very important role in the Safavid dynasty’s rise to power, and they were called “Ahl al-Ehyad”.\u00a0In fact, these seven people were among the characteristics of Murshid Kamel (that is, the leader of the Safavid era).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Near Ardabil, Rostam’s envoys reached Ali and Ismail and their companions.\u00a0Ali was killed but Ismail managed to escape.\u00a0Ismail was hidden in Ardabil for six weeks and went from one hiding place to another hiding place and finally escaped secretly to Gilan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Ahl al-Akhyad played a major role in his death, and if Ismail was killed, there would be no succession for him in the Safavid family.\u00a0Ismail was seven years old at that time.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0At the end of 902 A.H., Rostam was killed, and his son, Ismail, was ten years old.\u00a0Ismail remained in his hiding place in Lahijan for five years and at the age of twelve he rebelled against the Aghqoyunlu clan and after their defeat, he was crowned king in Tabriz at the age of fourteen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Young King Ismail<\/span><\/p>\n

\"How<\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0It is obvious that if they were not from Al-Akhiya, Ismail would not have survived, nor would he have been able to enter the war with the Aqqoyunlu and defeat them at the age of twelve. Safavi Empire<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Minorsky has said that the “appropriators” were very similar to the “small group” with the help of which Lenin managed the Bolshevik movement before the revolution of 1917, and from 1919 it was called the “politburo” (Politburo).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0In Muharram 905 A.H., the Ahl al-Ekhyad came to the conclusion that the right time had come for the final effort to gain power.\u00a0The three previous Safavid leaders, Ali, Haydar and Junaid, had been killed in the war, and twelve-year-old Ismail had no successor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0Karkia Mirza, the ruler of Lahijan, who had sheltered Ismail for five years, tried to dissuade him, but Ismail moved from Lahijan to Ardabil.\u00a0On the way, at least 8500 brave people from various tribes joined him.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0At this time, two princes of Aqqoyunlu (Alvand and Murad), who had survived the internal quarrels of Aqqoyunlu, divided the Aqqoyunlu empire peacefully among themselves.\u00a0Azarbaijan, Aran, Mughan, and Diyarbakir (that is, the north and west) had reached Alvand, and Murad had also taken Iraq, Ajam, Kerman, and Fars (that is, the center and the south) for himself!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0After defeating Shirvan Shah and avenging the death of his father and grandfather (Haydar and Junaid) from the ruler of Shirvan, Ismail conquered Baku and went to fight the 30,000-strong Alvand army in Nakhchivan with 7,000 soldiers and defeated him and took control of Azerbaijan. He took over and was crowned in Tabriz in the summer of 1501 AD\/907 AH and the 235-year reign of the Safavids began. Safavi Empire<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Ahmad Fartash –\u00a0In 1501 AD (907 AH),\u00a0Ismail Safavi in \u200b\u200bTabriz, at the age of fourteen, crowned himself as the first king of the Safavid dynasty and declared Twelve Imam Shiism as the official religion of Iran, and with this decision, the history of Iran in set a new path Safavi Empire \u00a0 \u00a0Shah Ismail Safavi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSafavi Empire | iran history<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ahmad Fartash -\u00a0In 1501 AD (907 AH),\u00a0Ismail Safavi in \u200b\u200bTabriz, at the age of fourteen, crowned himself as the first king of the Safavid\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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