{"id":12249,"date":"2023-05-18T08:32:26","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T08:32:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dorontash.com\/en\/?p=12249"},"modified":"2023-05-18T08:32:26","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T08:32:26","slug":"persian-ghalamkari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dorontash.com\/en\/persian-ghalamkari\/","title":{"rendered":"persian ghalamkari art"},"content":{"rendered":"

The characteristics of hand-made cashmere art and calligraphy<\/h2>\n

\"Specifications,<\/p>\n

persian ghalamkari cloth and cashmere are one of the most famous handicrafts in Iran, which attract foreign tourists and are known as Iranian souvenirs all over the world. The art of calligraphy is the ancient art of hand printing on cotton or silk fabrics with natural colors. On the other hand, one of the most famous Iranian handicrafts is terme, which is a special fabric made of silk or wool. Cashmere is a luxurious fabric that was used in the past to make clothes for elders, but today it is used to make tablecloths, bedspreads and rugs. In this article from\u00a0 <\/span>Artina,<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0we discuss the difference between kalamkar fabric and cashmere.<\/span><\/p>\n

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iran handicrafts<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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Uses of persian ghalamkari art and penmanship that you didn’t think of!<\/span><\/h2>\n
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Cashmere and penmanship is one of the handcrafts of Iranians, which flourished in Isfahan during the Safavid period. Cashmere is a kind of precious cloth woven from very soft fibers and persian ghalamkari is the art of printing on cloth.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the past, these exquisite fabrics were mostly used in men’s and women’s clothes.\u00a0At the present time, Iran lovers and art lovers who want beauty and authenticity together use this beautiful Iranian art in their home decoration.<\/span><\/p>\n

These authentic fabrics are eye-catching in any setting, whether modern or traditional.\u00a0<\/span>Salam Art Creations Complex<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0has used this design and Iranian Islamic art in the design of tablecloths, desks and janmaz, which is considered a special gift in addition to personal use.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"What<\/p>\n

Introduction of persian ghalamkari fabric<\/span><\/h2>\n

The art of penmanship is a technique of printing Iranian patterned fabric, which is done using wooden stamps.\u00a0Carving molds are mostly made of pear wood, which has better flexibility and density for carving and long-term use.\u00a0There are hundreds of different patterns on the types of Qalamkar fabrics, including Arabic designs, plant and animal designs, geometric designs, pre-Islamic designs, hunting scenes, polo games, Persian poems and calligraphy, Armenian and Hebrew inscriptions.<\/span><\/p>\n

ghalamkari is also known as ghalamkari, which is basically a type of cotton textile that is painted or printed by hand. Isfahan is one of the most important cities that produce kalamkar fabrics all over the world. In fact, Qalamkar means “paid with pen and ink”. It should be noted that it was produced in the same way in the beginning.<\/span><\/p>\n

The history of penmanship | The art of cashmere and handmade penmanship<\/span><\/h3>\n

Another difference between Qalamkar fabric and cashmere is the history they have gone through.\u00a0The Chinese brought beautiful and patterned clothes to Iran through the Silk Road and won the hearts of Iranians with these colorful gifts.\u00a0Inspired by these beautiful textiles, Iranians also invented the native version of patterned cloth, that is, Qalamkar.\u00a0Kalamkar is known as Kalamkar in India, although\u00a0 Indian\u00a0<\/span>Kalamkari<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0consists of twenty-three stages and is different from Iranian Kalamkari.<\/span><\/p>\n

This art dates back to the Sasanian period, the fourth Iranian dynasty and the second Iranian empire (224-651 AD).\u00a0Since then, Iranian artists used pen and ink to draw detailed and stunning designs on the fabric.\u00a0Of course, this art flourished in the 11th century AH, during the Safavid period.\u00a0One of the most important reasons for this was Shah Abbas’ interest in this art.\u00a0Qalamkar cloth was quickly noticed by the Iranian elite class.\u00a0Then the art of penmanship expanded even more and its development continued until the Qajar period.<\/span><\/p>\n

Due to its exquisiteness and eye-pleasing beauty, Qalamkar cloth became the favorite clothing of Safavid emperors.\u00a0Safavid kings, nobles and upper class wore silk and cotton kalamkar clothes decorated with gold and silver.\u00a0Also, Qalamkar fabrics were used to decorate the interior, which were often used as curtains, bedspreads, and wall coverings.<\/span><\/p>\n

Many calligraphy workshops were always active all over Iran.\u00a0Shiraz, Yazd, Borujerd, Kashan along Isfahan (the main production centers of this type of printed fabric) had unique productions.\u00a0At present, Isfahan and especially the city of Khorzouk is one of the most important producers of pen products in the world.<\/span><\/p>\n

Although with modern architecture and today’s luxury appliances, recreating the warm atmosphere of traditional Iranian houses with stucco, hand-woven carpets, beautiful arches, inlaid windows, etc., seems a little far-fetched, but the use of small items such as Kalamkar’s table cloths Or cashmere in the home space, in addition to creating a sense of nostalgia, is a respect, albeit a small one, for the original Iranian art.<\/span><\/p>\n

The originality and simplicity of the beautiful bateh and jakeh designs along with happy and intense colors or in some designs, soft colors can distinguish the signature of your home arrangement from others.\u00a0In Iranian art, designs and flowers also have metaphorical meanings.\u00a0For example, some people believe that the design of the jacket and its bowed head is a symbol of the bowed head, which represents the humility of Iranians.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kalamkar design notebooks with slim and elegant designs double the taste of recording memories and making the daily life last for the owner of these notebooks.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cashmere and persian ghalamkari cloth: difference in applications<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00a0These two works of art have significant differences\u00a0in terms of\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>application .\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>One is more practical and the other is more decorative.\u00a0This is the reason why their\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0prices<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0are different.\u00a0The most important practical difference between kalamkar fabric and cashmere is as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n

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  1. Cashmere is included in the category of\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>luxury<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0works of art,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0that’s why\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0they use it mostly for\u00a0<\/span>decoration .\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>For example, during Nowruz, cashew is considered as Haft Sin table.\u00a0<\/span>Qalamkar fabric<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0also used as a tablecloth, but this work of art is not as highly decorative as cashmere.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. In the distant past, very valuable and expensive\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0clothes were woven from cashmere<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0.\u00a0These clothes were usually worn by courtiers or very important people.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Qalamkari cloth<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0has been welcomed and used by the general public due to its cheapness.\u00a0Today, few people sew clothes with cashmere or kalamkar fabric, but if they use them to sew or decorate clothes, cashmere is still considered more expensive.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Painting fabric<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0is produced\u00a0\u00a0in all sizes,\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0large and small .\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>For this reason, they make large and varied curtains from these fabrics.\u00a0Due to the lightness of the Qalamkar fabric, there is no limit to its dimensions.\u00a0But\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>cashmere is\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a heavy fabric<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0.\u00a0Although it has been seen that they make curtains with cashmere, but these curtains cannot have the quality of kamkari cloth due to their thickness.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Cashews<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0are \u00a0usually\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0small<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0in size\u00a0\u00a0and are used as tablecloths for small tables.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Cashmere and ghalamkar cloth<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0are both used for clothes, janmaz, tablecloths, rumbly and generally as gifts.\u00a0But the main difference is that the use of\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>cashmere<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0for anything makes\u00a0 it\u00a0<\/span>more expensive<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0and it is mostly used by those who have a high income.\u00a0But\u00a0<\/span> ghalamkar cloth<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0itself\u00a0 has\u00a0<\/span>a reasonable price<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0and when it is considered as a tablecloth or a dress, it can be used by all levels of clothing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"What<\/p>\n

    What is the difference between cashmere patterns and persian ghalamkari fabric?<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Handicrafts acquire meaning with\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>the motifs<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0depicted on them.\u00a0Before we examine the motifs worked on these two works of art, you should know that\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>the background of cashmere<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is \u00a0always\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>colored<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0, but the background of\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>ghalamkar cloth<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is \u00a0usually\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0considered\u00a0<\/span>white .\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Because the penman has the same authority as the painter who wants to paint on the canvas.\u00a0In fact, the fabric is considered the artist’s canvas.\u00a0The most important differences between these two arts in terms of motifs are as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n

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    1. Patterns<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0are pre-woven on\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0cashmere<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0fabrics .\u00a0But the artist must\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0draw<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0patterns on the cloth with a brush or print or engrave it on the cloth with the help of a wooden template.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Bete Jaqe<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0is \u00a0a fixed pattern in\u00a0 Iranian\u00a0<\/span>cashmere<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0, which researchers emphasize that this design is considered one of the important symbols of Zoroastrianism.\u00a0Sometimes this design is placed in the middle of the cashmere cloth and the artist sews and fills it around or inside with pearls or vermilion using a special needle and thread.\u00a0This design\u00a0\u00a0is sometimes placed in the background and sometimes in the center of the fabric\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
    3. The Qalamkar cloth<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0has a good size.\u00a0For this reason, Qalamkarsaz can narrate important motifs such as “historical works, stories of history lovers, famous literary stories, flowers, chains, borders, miniature motifs, inscriptions and old royal hunts” by painting on cloth.\u00a0But there is no such thing in\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Termeh<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0.\u00a0Perhaps\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>the similarity between<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0cashmere and Qalamkar fabric is more in the context of dealing with\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0the role of nature<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0.\u00a0The main motifs of cashmere include “Bete Jaqeh, Shah Abbasi flowers, abstract and Slimi lines”.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. The pen artist<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0can paint the motifs he wants on the fabric.\u00a0Some do this coloring by hand and some go to the mold.\u00a0\u00a0There is no coloring\u00a0in\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0cashew .\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>The artist must sew the desired motifs with silk, pearls and braid.\u00a0<\/span>Cashmere is the art of sewing on fabric.\u00a0Calligraphy is known as the art of painting and painting on fabric.<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
    5. In\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>calligraphy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0art \u00a0, three main colors\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0are used , i.e.\u00a0<\/span>“black, red, blue, green, yellow” .\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>Depending on what design the artist has painted or printed on the fabric, other colors are also used.\u00a0It means that other colors are obtained from the combination of 5 main colors.<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. \u00a0Cashmere<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0cloth\u00a0\u00a0is the opposite of kalamkari cloth.\u00a0In order for the cashmere fabric to have different colors,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>colored threads<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0should \u00a0be used when weaving it.\u00a0The variety of colors in cashmere fabric is very large.\u00a0But the variety of colors in kalamkari cloth is not as much as cashmere.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      How to make persian ghalamkari cloth<\/span><\/h3>\n

      The process of printing Iranian textiles or kalamkari starts by washing the starched fabrics until the fabrics are soft.\u00a0After drying, the fabrics are ready for printing.\u00a0Cotton, silk and linen are used for penmanship because these fabrics absorb ink quickly.<\/span><\/p>\n

      To design and dye\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>the ghalamkar fabric<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, artists place it on a short table and use patterned ink and stamp to design the fabric.\u00a0Wooden molds are mainly made of flexible wood such as pear wood or hawthorn.\u00a0These pieces have several different patterns and motifs, from plant and animal designs to Arabic or geometric motifs.\u00a0Some also show the hunting scene, some lovers holding hands or verses from Persian poems.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Blue, red, black, green and yellow colors are the main colors of calligraphy.\u00a0Traditionally, dry pomegranate skin, saffron, turmeric, black plum and dried herbs were used for natural dyeing of Qalamkar fabrics.\u00a0But today, paint and chemical compounds are used in calligraphy.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"A<\/p>\n

      A look at the texture of cashew<\/span><\/h3>\n

      If they want to weave cashmere by hand, they must\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0use\u00a0<\/span>high quality silk, wool and thread in its preparation.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>In the machine example, cashmere is woven with artificial silk or polyester.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Cashmere<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0weaving\u00a0\u00a0is very laborious and the finished price is twice that of\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>machine<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0weaving \u00a0.\u00a0For this reason, today many artists weave cashmere by hand.<\/span><\/p>\n

      After the cashmere weave is finished, the prepared fabric is sold so that the cashmere embroiderers sew beautiful designs on the cashmere with different methods.\u00a0In cashmere embroidery, depending on what the artist wants to fill the designs with, the tools and equipment used will be different.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \"Four-seater<\/p>\n

      A look at the design of persian ghalamkari fabric<\/span><\/h3>\n

      Usually, for painting on cloth, the cloths are prepared in ready form.\u00a0The materials used for penmanship\u00a0 are\u00a0<\/span>silk, canvas, motagal, chalwar and linen<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0.\u00a0The artist\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0draws the desired\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>design<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0on parchment paper and when it is finished \u00a0, transfers it to\u00a0<\/span>the wooden mold .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

      The design is carved on a wooden template with a knife or chisel to highlight the motifs.\u00a0Then the mold is dipped in the desired color and printed on the work by hitting the mold.\u00a0There are other steps in the Qalamkar fabric.\u00a0When the work is finished, the fabric is washed and dried in several stages with different methods so that the color is well fixed in the fabric.\u00a0The raw materials and tools used in calligraphy are many and varied.\u00a0The most important of them include “mould, table, bedspread, mortar, potil, goblet, varnish, ear scarf, leaf, hand bumper and straightener”.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Elegant Iranian mothers always consider prayer tents and special shrines for the dowry of their young daughters, and choosing pen designs is a smart and elegant choice for this spiritual gift.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Salam Art Creations Complex hopes that the originality and vitality of Iranian art will flow in the spirit of life of the countrymen of this border by using calligraphy designs and cashmere art in all kinds of everyday items.<\/span><\/p>\n

      The process of sewing and production of cashmere<\/span><\/h3>\n

      To sew high-quality cashmere, which is usually prepared in cashmere embroidery centers of Iran, i.e. Isfahan, Yazd, Kashan, Kerman and other cities of Iran, it is necessary to go through some steps.\u00a0After familiarizing yourself with these steps, you will notice the difference between kalamkar fabric and cashmere.\u00a0These steps are:<\/span><\/p>\n