{"id":11838,"date":"2023-02-22T07:57:37","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T07:57:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dorontash.com\/en\/?p=11838"},"modified":"2023-12-13T21:27:17","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T21:27:17","slug":"iranian-architectural-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dorontash.com\/en\/iranian-architectural-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Iranian architectural art"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Iranian architectural art<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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dorontash handicrafts magazine<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Architecture is one of the most creative arts and an important part of the identity of any country.\u00a0By seeing architectural works, a set of deep and rich cultural and artistic values \u200b\u200bof nations is revealed;\u00a0For example, the arch, four balconies and central courtyard are significant elements of Iranian architecture.\u00a0Iranian architecture is influenced by philosophical and cultural foundations and is considered a collective work;\u00a0Because an architectural work is never formed by one person;\u00a0Rather, it is the result of the work of tens, hundreds or thousands of people to shape a building.<\/p>\n

\"What<\/p>\n

Architecture shows the attitude of the people of a country to the world around them;\u00a0Therefore, architecture is considered much more than building buildings and the foundation of life.\u00a0Many of Iran’s sights are among unique architectural masterpieces.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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What is Iranian architecture?<\/h2>\n

Compared to the architecture of other countries in the world, Iranian architecture has a special value, and features such as appropriate design, accurate calculations, the correct form of covering, compliance with technical and scientific issues in the building, lofty porches, tall columns, and various decorations are signs of its glory. .<\/p>\n

Some architecture researchers consider the positive position of space, or in other words, “centered space” of Iranian architecture against “volumetricity” as the most important characteristic of Iranian architecture.\u00a0In Iranian architecture, in addition to features such as the proportion and beauty of sardars, domes, and porches, the use of mathematical and mystical logic is also seen.<\/p>\n

The characteristics of Iranian architecture in general include introversion, avoidance of futility, people-centeredness, self-sufficiency and materialism.\u00a0In the following, we will explain and describe Iranian architecture.<\/p>\n

introversion<\/h3>\n

\"inside<\/p>\n

Iranian people’s beliefs about personal life and its sanctity have made Iranian architecture introverted.\u00a0Iranian architects separated the building from the outside world by organizing the building parts around one or more courtyards, and only one vestibule connected these two parts together.<\/p>\n

Introverted houses in a hot and dry climate are like a paradise in the heart of the desert.\u00a0The introverted space faces inward from all sides and the outer part has more ornaments than the inner part.\u00a0Architects maintained introversion even in extroverted buildings, such as the pavilion in the middle of the gardens.\u00a0Kushkas were considered extroverted buildings that were open around them and opened to the outside from all sides.<\/p>\n

The undeniable characteristic of architectural works and buildings such as houses, mosques, schools, caravanserais, and baths is their introspective character;\u00a0An indicator that has deep roots in Iranian socio-philosophical foundations and principles.\u00a0Introversion and preservation of privacy in architecture is to reach one’s essence and find peace within.\u00a0In general and based on Eastern thinking, in Islamic lands, the essence of space is manifested in the interior, and the inner courtyard is the originator of this principle.<\/p>\n

Avoiding futility<\/h3>\n

In Iranian architecture, unnecessary work in construction is avoided.\u00a0That is why Iranian architects avoided extravagance.\u00a0This principle was observed both before Islam and after Islam.<\/p>\n

People-centered<\/h3>\n

People-centeredness means compliance between building organs and human organs and needs.\u00a0Architecture in Iran is considered an art related to life;\u00a0Therefore, the width of the bedroom is the size of a bed, and the height of the window is so that it is easily accessible when sitting and standing;\u00a0On the other hand, the hall, which is special for guests, is built to a size that is worthy of reception.<\/p>\n

self-sufficiency<\/h3>\n

\"enough\"<\/p>\n

Iranian architects used to get the materials they needed from the nearest place;\u00a0in such a way that it does not need materials from other places and is so-called “self-sufficient”.\u00a0In this way, the construction work was done more quickly and the building was “compatible” with the surrounding nature.<\/p>\n

Iranian architects believed that the materials should be “bum avard”, “idri” or in simpler words, here.\u00a0In fact, the materials should be the product of the place where the building is built.\u00a0For this reason, Iranian architects used local facilities as much as possible.<\/p>\n

material science<\/h3>\n
In Iranian architecture, extravagance and useless work are avoided in building construction<\/div>\n

The word “Nyaresh” is used a lot in the old architecture of Iran.\u00a0Niarash is called static knowledge, building technique and material construction (material science).<\/p>\n

The old architects paid a lot of attention to the shape of the building;\u00a0Because they did not consider it separate from beauty.\u00a0“Pimon” was small and uniform sizes that were used wherever it was needed.\u00a0Following the pattern eliminates any concerns of the architect about the instability or ugliness of the building;\u00a0As a not so skilled florist in a remote village could use it to cover a dome in the form of architecture.<\/p>\n

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Window in Iranian architecture<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Iranian architecture – history of Iranian architecture<\/h2>\n

\"Architecture<\/p>\n

During its history, Iranian architecture has always been accompanied by the originality of the design and simplicity along with the implementation of the principles of Iranian architecture and has gone through many ups and downs, but it has always had a peaceful action and reaction with nature and positive achievements in accordance with the needs of each period. has been in connection with nature;\u00a0The traditional architecture of Iran in all areas and cities, especially villages and old and ancient works, is like a living but worn-out book of the history of Iranian architecture.<\/p>\n<\/picture>It is good to know that the evolution of Iranian architecture is rooted in historical events as well as the nature of our climate, the cultures of the conquerors and the vanquished that entered Iran have also made a significant contribution to the architectural culture of this border and land and are a beautiful reflection of customs, religious ceremonies, spirit And there are morals, thoughts and beliefs of generations in Iranian architecture.<\/p>\n

<\/span>Iranian architecture – traditional Iranian architecture<\/h2>\n

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The traditional architecture of Iran dates back to the 7th millennium BC, and over the years, it has undergone many changes until it has grown into its current form.\u00a0In traditional architecture, some features are used more by architects and builders, for example, the commitment to maintain the connection with previous styles of building architecture, reuse of materials or design of houses and buildings that is compatible and integrated with the design of buildings in the region. .<\/p>\n

Observance of these things has caused a sense of integration and connection with the past to be established and a good and pleasant feeling of maintaining the traditional appearance and a sense of unity for the residents of the neighborhood, which is an important matter;\u00a0In the traditional style of Iranian architecture, more attention is paid to the functional materials in the building and how they function.\u00a0Traditional style is a method that embraces the past and continues to move forward successfully.<\/p>\n

The characteristics of Iranian traditional architecture, which distinguishes it from other arts, is that it is built in a principled way, and in its construction, it is made from precise and practical calculations before construction and during design, with special importance in observing technical and professional principles. In the work, the construction of porches and resistant columns, turned inwards and very beautiful porticoes have been used.<\/p>\n

The structure of Persepolis is one of the most prominent examples of Iranian architecture.\u00a0This amazing and magnificent building with its eye-catching beauty has incorporated all the elements of Iranian architecture in its institution and has a beautiful effect from the repetition of columns, naves, porches and relief motifs relying on the principles of Iranian architecture and the originality of this border. Bom has left his memory.<\/p>\n

Decorations have a special place in Iranian architecture and it can be claimed that it is an inseparable part of Iranian architecture. In brickwork, tilework, plastering and mirrorwork, we see eye-catching decorations that make the atmosphere of traditional Iranian architecture full of spiritual beauty. It synchronizes the external beauty with itself.<\/p>\n

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byuing handicrafts<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

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Features of Iranian architecture:<\/h2>\n

\"Mashreq<\/p>\n

Religious influences are generally seen in Iranian architecture.<\/p>\n

Iranian architecture has placed great emphasis on strength and resistance and compliance with structural principles.<\/p>\n

Facades and decorations have a special place in Iranian architecture.<\/p>\n

In Iranian architecture, the use of local materials and climatic characteristics have always been considered.<\/p>\n

Light has a special place in Iranian architecture.<\/p>\n

Iranian architectural styles:<\/h2>\n

One group divides Iran’s architectural methods into five periods and another group into six periods.<\/p>\n

The first group: Architecture is divided according to the government dynasties.<\/p>\n

Architecture before the Achaemenid era<\/p>\n

Achaemenid era architecture<\/p>\n

Architecture of the Sassanid era<\/p>\n

Architecture of the Islamic era until the middle of the Qajar era<\/p>\n

Modern architecture (last 100 years)<\/p>\n

The second group: architecture has been divided based on regional methods.<\/p>\n

Persian style architecture<\/p>\n

Party style architecture<\/p>\n

Khorasani style architecture<\/p>\n

Razi style architecture<\/p>\n

Azeri style architecture<\/p>\n

Isfahan style architecture<\/p>\n

Principles of Iranian architecture<\/h2>\n

\"Forgotten<\/p>\n

From Professor Pirnia’s point of view, Iranian art and architecture has several principles that are well visible in the examples of this art.\u00a0These principles are: people-variation, avoiding futility, self-sufficiency, and introversion.
\nWari people<\/strong>\u00a0: It means observing the fit between the building and the human body, for example the door and window, the ledge and the post used for the bed storage were all of the right size.
\nAvoiding futility<\/strong>\u00a0: In Iranian architecture, they avoided futile work and extravagance in building construction.\u00a0In fact, all the paintings in the building were done for a reason;\u00a0For example, if they made knots in sashes and windows with wood or plaster and colored glass, it is to protect the eyes from the harsh and sometimes burning sun.
\nNiarsh<\/strong>\u00a0: It is called the role of static, building technology and construction (materials) science.
\nself-sufficiency<\/strong>: Iranian architects tried to get the materials they needed from the nearest places;\u00a0This is because the construction work is done more quickly and the building has become more compatible with nature.
\nIntroversion<\/strong>\u00a0: Usually, it has been very effective in organizing the building spaces of people’s beliefs.\u00a0One of the beliefs of Iranian people is valuing personal life and dignity, which\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0has made\u00a0Iran introverted in architecture .<\/em><\/p>\n

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Iranian architectural stylistics<\/h2>\n

\"Today<\/p>\n

According to the theories of Professor Pirnia,\u00a0\u00a0Iran’s architecture\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0is divided\u00a0into 6 styles,\u00a0\u00a0Persian, Parthian, Khorasani, Razi, Azari and Esfahani, in which architectural principles with a different shape and appearance are used in each period.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Iranian architectural styles “Persian style”<\/h2>\n

The Persian style of architecture<\/strong>\u00a0, the first style of architecture that spans from the Achaemenid period to Alexander’s attack on Iran, i.e. from the sixth century BC to the fourth century, and its name is taken from the Persian people.\u00a0Of course, it has been investigated by architectural history researchers before the Persian period, which is before the arrival of the Aryans, and it is one of the buildings left over from the pre-Persian period, such as Zaghe\u00a0\u00a0Hill, Silk Hill, and Chaghazanbil Ziggurat<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0After that, the Median civilization in Hegmetane, and then with the arrival of the Aryans, the Persian period begins, which has the following characteristics according to Professor Pirnia:<\/p>\n

Features of Persian architectural style:<\/strong><\/p>\n